⚖️ Judiciary of India
Introduction:
The Indian Constitution has established the Judiciary as an independent and supreme institution. The Judiciary protects the Constitution, safeguards the rights of citizens, and examines the legality of government actions. Questions related to the Judiciary are frequently asked in competitive examinations (SSC, Railway, UPSC, State PSC).
The Indian Constitution has established the Judiciary as an independent and supreme institution. The Judiciary protects the Constitution, safeguards the rights of citizens, and examines the legality of government actions. Questions related to the Judiciary are frequently asked in competitive examinations (SSC, Railway, UPSC, State PSC).
📌 Structure of the Indian Judiciary
- Supreme Court
- High Courts
- District and Subordinate Courts
📌 Supreme Court
- Established on 26 January 1950.
- Headquarters – New Delhi.
- Chief Justice of India (CJI) and other judges are appointed by the President.
- Retirement age of judges – 65 years.
- Guardian of the Constitution and the highest appellate court.
📌 High Courts
- Established for each state or group of states.
- First High Court – Calcutta (1862).
- Retirement age of judges – 62 years.
- High Court is the highest judicial authority in the state.
📌 Subordinate Courts
- District and Sessions Courts are the main courts.
- Includes Civil Courts, Criminal Courts, and other lower courts.
- These courts are established by State Governments.
Fact: The Supreme Court of India is known as the “Guardian of the Constitution.”
📌 Powers of the Judiciary
- Judicial Review.
- Protection of Fundamental Rights.
- Interpretation of the Constitution.
- Review of actions of the Executive and Legislature.
Important Points for Exams:
✦ Supreme Court – Established in 1950.
✦ Retirement age of CJI – 65 years.
✦ First High Court – Calcutta (1862).
✦ Retirement age of High Court judges – 62 years.
✦ Supreme Court – Established in 1950.
✦ Retirement age of CJI – 65 years.
✦ First High Court – Calcutta (1862).
✦ Retirement age of High Court judges – 62 years.
❓ Expected MCQs
Q1. When was the Supreme Court of India established?
👉 Answer: 26 January 1950
Q2. Which was the first High Court of India?
👉 Answer: Calcutta High Court (1862)
Q3. What is the retirement age of a Supreme Court judge?
👉 Answer: 65 years
Q4. Who is known as the Guardian of the Constitution?
👉 Answer: Supreme Court
🏆 Conclusion
The Indian Judiciary is independent and impartial. It protects the Constitution and the rights of citizens. Questions related to the Supreme Court, High Courts, and their powers are commonly asked in competitive exams. Therefore, students should thoroughly remember the structure and key facts of the Judiciary.
📝 Practice Quiz
Practice questions based on this topic and strengthen your preparation.
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