👥 Indian Geography – Population & Census of India
Introduction:
India is the second most populous country in the world.
Population directly affects a country’s development, resources and policies.
Census in India is conducted every 10 years.
Questions related to “Population and Census” are frequently asked in competitive examinations such as SSC, Railway, UPSC and State Exams.
📅 History of Census in India
- First census in India – 1872 (non-official).
- First official census – 1881.
- Since then, census has been conducted every 10 years.
- 2011 – the latest completed census.
📌 Census 2011 was the 15th Census of India.
🌍 Population of India (as per Census 2011)
- Total population – 121 crore.
- India’s share in world population – about 17.5%.
- Most populous state – Uttar Pradesh.
- Least populous state – Sikkim.
- Most populous Union Territory – Delhi.
- Least populous Union Territory – Lakshadweep.
📈 Population Density
- Average density of India – 382 persons per sq km.
- Highest – Bihar.
- Lowest – Arunachal Pradesh.
🧑🎓 Literacy Rate
- Total – 74.04%.
- Male – 82.14%.
- Female – 65.46%.
- Highest – Kerala (94%).
- Lowest – Bihar.
👶 Sex Ratio
- India’s average – 940 females per 1000 males.
- Highest – Kerala.
- Lowest – Haryana.
🎯 Key Points for Exams:
✦ First official census – 1881.
✦ Census 2011 – 15th census.
✦ Most populous state – Uttar Pradesh.
✦ Least populous state – Sikkim.
✦ Literacy – Kerala highest, Bihar lowest.
✦ Sex ratio – Kerala highest, Haryana lowest.
✦ First official census – 1881.
✦ Census 2011 – 15th census.
✦ Most populous state – Uttar Pradesh.
✦ Least populous state – Sikkim.
✦ Literacy – Kerala highest, Bihar lowest.
✦ Sex ratio – Kerala highest, Haryana lowest.
❓ Expected MCQs
Q1. When was the first official census of India conducted?
➡️ Answer: 1881
Q2. Census 2011 was which number census of India?
➡️ Answer: 15th
Q3. Which is the most populous state of India?
➡️ Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Q4. Which state has the highest literacy rate in India?
➡️ Answer: Kerala
Q5. What is the average population density of India?
➡️ Answer: 382 persons per sq km
🏆 Conclusion
Population and Census of India provide the basis for understanding the socio-economic condition of the country. This data helps in planning policies and development programmes. This topic is extremely important for competitive examinations.
📝 Practice Quiz
Practice questions based on this topic and strengthen your exam preparation.
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